I. Halabuurka Walxaha Muhiimka ah
1. Wajiga adag: Tungsten Carbide (WC)
- Saamiga Saamiga: 70-95%
- Guryaha Furaha: Wuxuu muujiyaa adkeysi aad u sarreeya wuxuuna xirtaa iska caabin, oo leh adkaanta Vickers ≥1400 HV.
- Saamaynta Cabirka Hadhuudhka:
- Hadhuudh Adag (3-8μm): Adkeyn sare iyo iska caabin saameyn leh, oo ku habboon qaababka leh dhagaxyo ama isdhexgal adag.
- Hadhuudh Fiican/Ultrafine (0.2-2μm)Adag la xoojiyey oo xidho iska caabin, oo ku habboon qaababka aadka u xoqaya sida dhagaxa quartz.
2. Wajiga isku xidhka: Cobalt (Co) ama Nickel (Ni)
- Saamiga Saamiga: 5-30%, u dhaqma sidii "xabag bir ah" si ay ugu xidhaan qaybo kaarbiide tungsten ah oo bixiya adkaanta.
- Noocyada iyo Astaamaha:
- Cobalt-ku-salaysan (Doorashada Guud):
- Faa'iidooyinka: Awood sare oo heerkul sare ah, kuleyl wanaagsan oo kuleyl ah, iyo sifooyin farsamo oo dhammaystiran oo sarreeya.
- Codsiga: Inta badan qaababka caadiga ah iyo kuwa heerkulka sare leh (cobalt ayaa weli ah mid deggan oo ka hooseeya 400 ° C).
- Nikel-ku-salaysan (shuruudaha gaarka ah):
- Faa'iidooyinka: Iska caabbinta daxalka oo xooggan (u adkaysta H₂S, CO₂, iyo dareerayaasha qodista milixda leh).
- Codsiga: Garoomada gaasta aysiidhka ah, meelaha xeebaha ka baxsan, iyo bay'adaha kale ee daxalka leh.
- Cobalt-ku-salaysan (Doorashada Guud):
3. Waxyaalaha lagu daro (Khamaynta Heerka-yar)
- Chromium Carbide (Cr₃C₂): Waxay wanaajisaa iska caabbinta oksaydhka waxayna yaraynaysaa khasaaraha wejiga xidhitaanka ee xaaladaha heerkulka sare.
- Tantalum Carbide (TaC)/Niobium Carbide (NbC): Waxay joojisaa korriinka hadhuudhka waxayna kordhisaa adkaanta heerkulka sare.
II. Sababaha Doorashada Hardmetal Tungsten Carbide
| Waxqabadka | Sharaxaada Faa'iidada |
|---|---|
| Xiro iska caabin | Adaggu waxa labaad ka xiga dheeman, adkaysi u leh nabaadguurka qaybo ka mid ah abrasive sida ciid quartz (heerka xidhashada 10+ jeer ka hooseeya birta). |
| Iska caabinta Saamaynta | Adayga ka imanaya wejiga isku xidhka cobalt/nickel waxa ay ka hortagtaa kala qaybsanaanta gariirada godka hoose iyo xoogaa soo boodbooda (gaar ahaan hadhuudh-qaracan + qaabaynta kobalt-sare). |
| Deganaanshaha Heerkulka Sare | Waxay ku ilaalisaa waxqabadka heerkulka godka hoose ee 300-500C |
| Iska caabinta daxalka | Alloys-ku-saleysan ee nickelku waxay iska caabiyaan daxalka dheecaannada qodista baaruudku ka kooban yahay, iyagoo kordhinaya nolosha adeegga deegaanka aashitada. |
| Waxtarka-kharashka | Qiimaha aad uga hooseeya dheeman/cubic boron nitride, oo leh nolol adeeg 20-50 jeer ka birta birta ah, taasoo bixisa faa'iidooyin guud oo wanaagsan. |
III. Isbarbardhigga Agabka Kale
| Nooca Qalabka | Khasaaro | Xaaladaha Codsiga |
|---|---|---|
| Dheeman (PCD/PDC) | Jajab sare, iska caabin saameyn xun; aad u qaali ah (~ 100x kan carbide tungsten). | Si dhif ah loo isticmaalo sanbabada; marmarka qaarkood deegaan tijaabo ah oo xad dhaaf ah. |
| Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) | Iska caabbinta heerkulka wanaagsan laakiin adagaanta hoose; qaali ah. | Heerkulka adag ee aad u qoto dheer ee heerkulkiisu sareeyo (aan ahayn mid guud). |
| Ceramics (Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄) | Adayg sare laakiin jajabnaan weyn; caabbinta naxdinta kulaylka liidata. | Marxaladda ansixinta shaybaadhka, oo aan weli ganacsi ahaan la cabbirin. |
| Birta xoogga badan | Iska caabbinta xirashada oo aan ku filneyn, nolol adeeg oo gaaban. | Qaybaha dhamaadka-hoose ama beddelka ku meel gaarka ah. |
IV. Tilmaamaha Horumarka Farsamada
1. Material Optimization
- Nanocrystalline Tungsten CarbideCabbirka hadhuudhka <200nm, engegnaanta ayaa kordhay 20% iyada oo aan dhib loo geysan adkaanshaha (tusaale, taxanaha Sandvik Hyperion™).
- Qaab dhismeedka si shaqaynaya: Cunug-adag-sare ee hadhuudhka WC oo ku yaal dusha birta, miraha-culus-culus-adkeydka-sareya, dheellitirka xirashada iyo iska caabinta jabka.
2. Xoojinta Dusha sare
- Dahaarka Dheemanka (CVD): 2-5μm filimka wuxuu kordhiyaa adkaanta dusha sare ilaa> 6000 HV, oo ku kordhinaya nolosha 3-5x (30% korodhka kharashka).
- Daboolista LaserLakabyada WC-Co oo lagu shubay aagagga birta ee nugul si kor loogu qaado caabbinta xidhashada gudaha.
3. Wax-soo-saarka wax-soo-saarka
- 3D-Daabacan Tungsten CarbideWaxay sahlaysa samaynta isku-dhafan ee kanaalada qulqulka adag (tusaale, qaab-dhismeedka Venturi) si loo horumariyo waxtarka haydarooliga.
V. Qodobbada Muhiimka ah ee Xulashada Qalabka
| Xaaladaha Shaqada | Talo-siinta agabka |
|---|---|
| Qaababka aadka u xoqaya | Hadhuudh Fiican/ultrafine-WC + Koobalt-dhexdhexaad ah (6-8%) |
| Qaybaha saamaynta/ gariirka u nugul | Hadhuudh-qaracan WC + kobalt sare (10-13%) ama qaab-dhismeed darajo leh |
| Deegaannada acidic (H₂S/CO₂) | Xargaha ku salaysan nikkel + Cr₃C₂ wax lagu daro |
| Ceelasha aad u qoto dheer (>150°C) | Daawaha ku salaysan Cobalt + TaC/NbC wax lagu daro (iska ilaali nikkel-ku-salaysan awood heerkul sare oo daciif ah) |
| Mashaariicda qiimaha leh | Halbeegga hadhuudhka dhexdhexaadka ah WC + 9% kobalt |
Gabagabo
- Sarraynta Suuqa: Tungsten carbide hardmetal (WC-Co/WC-Ni) waa habka caadiga ah, oo lagu xisaabtamayo> 95% suuqyada birta birta ah ee laydhka.
- Xudunta WaxqabadkaLa qabsiga caqabadaha samaynta ee kala duwan iyada oo loo marayo hagaajinta cabbirka hadhuudhka WC, saamiga kobalt/nickel, iyo waxyaabaha lagu daro.
- Aan la bedeli karin: Hadhaa xalka ugu fiican ee isku dheelitirka caabbinta xirashada, adkaanta, iyo kharashka, oo leh tignoolajiyada-goynta (nanocrystalization, dahaarka) oo sii ballaarinaya xuduudaha codsiga.
Waqtiga boostada: Jun-03-2025
